|
Islamic decoration makes great use of geometric patterns which have developed over the centuries. These occur in a variety of forms including girih and zellige tilework, muqarnas decorative vaulting, and jali pierced screens. ==Overview== Many of these derived from various earlier cultures: Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Central Asian, and Persian. They are usually distinguished from the arabesque, the term for decoration in Islamic art based on curving and branching vegetal forms. But sometimes foliage and linear geometric patterns are combined in a single design, and some purely abstract linear patterns adopt designs that seem clearly derived from vegetal arabesque ones. The geometric designs have evolved into beautiful and complex patterns, still used in many modern day settings. The square and rectangle play a significant role in Islamic architecture. Some of the reason for this is façades built from rectangular bricks. This ornamental brickwork casts shadows in the strong desert sunlight and creates a three-dimensional effect. A recurring motif is a small central square turned 45 degrees within a larger square. Another source for the square motif is woven baskets. The Persianate world is the main area with buildings with decorative brickwork, especially during the Seljuk period; the Great Mosque of Cordoba is another example further west. The eight-pointed star is another common motif in Islamic architecture, often found in tile-work and other media. Star patterns appear complex when they are joined together in a systematic way, as in girih tilework. The Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain is a famous example of repeating motifs which occur in the tile and stucco decoration. Octagons appear in Islamic architecture in various shapes. They frequently occur in marble floors. The Citadel of Aleppo in Syria contains marble ''opus sectile'' floors, which utilize the square and the eight-pointed star. Pierced screens (''jali'' in India) are also decorated geometrically. File:Tiles inside the Jame Mosque of Yazd 01.JPG|Tiles inside the Jame Mosque of Yazd, Persia File:MoroccoFesMedrassa BenYoussef1.jpg|Bou Inania Madrasa, Fes, Morocco, originally c. 1350 (tilework later) File:Flickr - Gaspa - Cairo, madrasa di Hasan (12).jpg|Detail of bronze door, Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan, Cairo File:162-MoroccoOpenDoors.jpg|A variety of vernacular decorative Islamic styles in Morocco File:Alhambra Detail 17.JPG|Arch in the Alhambra 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islamic geometric patterns」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|